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.338 Lapua Magnum
The .338 Lapua Magnum (8.6×70mm or 8.58×70mm) is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire cartridge developed for military long-range sniper rifles. The Afghanistan War and Iraq War made it a combat-proven round with ready and substantial ammunition availability. The .338 Lapua is a dual-purpose, anti-personnel and anti-materiel round, but its anti-materiel potential is limited, due to the bullet's lower kinetic energy compared with that of the .50 BMG's projectiles. The loaded cartridge is in diameter (rim) and long. It can penetrate better-than-standard military body armour at ranges up to and has a maximum effective range of about . Muzzle velocity is dependent on load and powder temperature, and varies from for commercial loads with bullets, which results in about of muzzle energy.
British military issue overpressure .338 Lapua Magnum cartridges with a overall length, loaded with LockBase B408 very-low-drag bullets fired at 936 m/s (3,071 ft/s) muzzle velocity from a L115A3 Long Range Rifle were used in November 2009 by British sniper Corporal of Horse (CoH) Craig Harrison to establish a new record for the longest confirmed sniper kill in combat, at a range of .〔Sheridan, Michael (May 3, 2010). (British sniper Craig Harrison (The Silent Assassin) breaks record, kills target from 1.5 miles away" ). ''Daily News'' (New York). Accessed May 13, 2010.〕〔Alpert, Lukas I. (May 2, 2010). ("Sniper kills Qaeda-from 1½ mi. away" ). ''New York Post''. Accessed May 13, 2010.〕
In addition to its military role, it is increasingly used by hunters and civilian long-range shooting enthusiasts. The .338 Lapua Magnum is capable of taking down any game animal, though its suitability for some dangerous game (Cape buffalo, hippopotamus, white rhinoceros and elephant) is arguable, unless accompanied by a larger "backup" caliber: "There is a huge difference between calibers that will kill an elephant and those that can be relied upon to stop one."〔Robertson, K: ''The Perfect Shot,'' Safari Press, Inc, Long Beach, 1999:p. 50.〕 In Namibia the .338 Lapua Magnum is legal for hunting Africa's Big Five game if the loads have ≥ muzzle energy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website= napha-namibia.com )〕
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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